FILE - In this Oct. 26 Wholesale Adidas Superstar Blue , 2014 file photo, members of the Japan Self-Defense Forces march during the annual Self-Defense Forces Commencement of Air Review at Hyakuri Air Base, north of Tokyo. Seventy years after the U.S. defeated Japan in World War II, Americans are divided over Japan playing a more active military role in Asia - and most Japanese are opposed. The results of a Pew Research Center poll released Tuesday, April 7, 2015 in Washington, D.C., come as the two countries are finalizing a revision of their mutual defense guidelines that is expected to expand the scope of Japan's military activities in the region. (AP PhotoEugene Hoshiko, File)
Seventy years after the U.S. defeated Japan in World War II, Americans are divided over Japan playing a more active military role in Asia — and most Japanese are opposed.


The results of a Pew Research Center poll released Tuesday in Washington, D.C., come as the two countries are finalizing a revision of their mutual defense guidelines that is expected to expand the scope of Japan's military activities in the region.


The telephone survey of 1,000 Americans and 1,000 Japanese also found a high degree of trust between the two nations, a shift from the animosity that prevailed in the 1980s and 1990s when the two countries were embroiled in trade disputes.


Some of the findings:


MILITARY DIVISIONS


The U.S. government, stretched by global crises and tighter budgets, would welcome greater burden sharing by Japan in regional defense. Americans are less sure: 47 percent back a more active Japanese military in the Asia-Pacific, while 43 percent say, given its history, Japan should limit its role.


Likewise in Japan, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is pushing his country to do more, but 68 percent of Japanese respondents favor limiting the military's role, and only 23 percent support expanding it.


A-BOMB DIVIDE


56: Percent of Americans who say the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were justified.


34: Percent who say they were not.


14: Percent of Japanese who say the atomic bombings were justified.


79: Percent who say they were not.


TRADING PLACES


A large majority of Americans viewed Japan as an unfair trader in the 1980s and 1990s. Today, only 24 percent describe Japan's trade policy as unfair in the Pew poll, while 55 percent call it fair.


WHO IS ABE?


73: Percent of Americans who say they have never heard of Abe.


69: Percent who have never heard of best-selling Japanese novelist Haruki Murakami.


32: Percent who have never heard of Ichiro Suzuki, Japanese baseball star playing in the U.S. major leagues.


___


METHODOLOGY


The U.S. survey was conducted in the continental United States between Feb. 12-15 using landlines and cellphones. The survey in Japan was conducted from Jan. 30 to Feb. 12 and used landlines only, which covers 79 percent of Japanese households. The sampling error for the U.S. results is plus or minus 3.6 percentage points. For Japan's, it's plus or minus 3.2 percentage points.




BERLIN， Jan. 23 (Xinhua) -- German Olympic Sports Federation President Alfons Hoermann has proposed a ban on Russian athletes from the 2018 and 2020 Olympic Games.


Hoermann suggested on Sunday that Russia should be banned if ongoing investigations finally prove a state-sponsored doping scheme with the involvement of the Russian Olympic Committee (ROC).


The ban on Russia in the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang and the 2020 summer games in Tokyo would provide a "clear signal" of zero tolerance for doping， he noted.


"If someone breaches the International Olympic Committee (IOC) charter in such a clear way， then they must face the harshest form of punishment，" Hoermann said as quoted by Die Welt newspaper.


Hoermann's remarks came as German broadcaster ARD earlier on Sunday sent out a documentary claiming that Russian coaches continued breaking international doping rules and ignored the ban on their involvement in any sports event.


Meetings between Russian officials and experts at the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) were expected to be held in Moscow from Jan. 23 to 24 on possible reinstatement of Russian track and field athletes.


The IAAF in July 2016 prohibited all Russian athletes from taking part in international competitions， including the summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro of Brazil， over doping allegations， except long jump athlete Darya Klishina.


The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) on July 18， 2016 issued a statement recommending IOC to suspend the whole Russian team from the 2016 Rio Olympic Games due to an independent investigation conclusion that accused Russia of running a "state-dictated failsafe system" of drug cheating in 30 sports at the 2014 Sochi Games and other major events.


The IOC ruled last August against a blanket ban over Russia from the Rio Olympics， while Russia has been vigorously denying the WADA charges.


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