Research on lexical inferencing (i.e. learners’ use of cognitive strategies and knowledge sources in comprehending unfamiliar vocabulary in texts) has provided some insights into word class knowledge in the L2 context. Lee and Wolf (1997) embedded nonsense words in authentic reading passages in order to determine whether L2 learners of Spanish are sensitive to the grammatical category of unknown words. Their results indicate that learners of all proficiency levels were more successful at identifying the grammatical class than guessing the meaning of the target words. However Marc-Edouard Vlasic Canada Jersey , the beginning-level learners (students enrolled in a second-semester course) were consistently less successful at grammatical category assignment than more proficient learners.


For example, the nonsense word acricion (a noun) was interpreted as an adjective by many of the beginning-level learners. Lee and Wolf (1997) also illustrated how these beginners often misunderstood the context surrounding the target (i.e. nonsense) word, resulting in ‘laborious struggles with word inferencing’ (p. 51). For example, one learner confused the adverb probablemente (‘probably’) with the nounproblema ‘problem’. In another study of L2 word inferencing, Watts (2004) also describes learners’ ability to infer the grammatical class of novel words without necessarily knowing their meaning. To explain these findings Jonathan Toews Canada Jersey , Watts suggests that learners were relying on their LI knowledge of word classes given the relatively restricted number of categories to choose from. Additional L2 vocabulary acquisition studies have addressed the issue of word class through a focus on derivational morphology. Schmitt and Zimmerman (2002) have investigated learners’ productive knowledge of derivatives in the four major word classes (i.e. noun, verb, adjective, and adverb). Their results reveal that L2 learners generally have weak knowledge of derivatives, and that knowledge of one member of a word family (e.g. assume) does not guarantee knowledge of related forms (e.g. assumption). Schmitt and Zimmerman (2002) discuss some pedagogical implications of their study and suggest that explicit teaching of derivative forms could enrich vocabulary learning in the L2 context. Based on this idea John Tavares Canada Jersey , Morin (2003, 2006) designed a pedagogical treatment for teaching Spanish derivational morphology to first- and second-year learners; the goal was to expand learners’ vocabularies by making them more aware of word-formation processes. The participants completed tests of receptive and productive knowledge of Spanish word families. An important finding of Morin’s (2003) research is that beginning learners experienced difficulty in the receptive mode, that is, when the correct derivative was presented to them as an option. Thus, Morin (2003 Joe Thornton Canada Jersey , p. 209) described first-semester students’ receptive knowledge of word classes as ‘extremely limited’.


In terms of production, Whitley (2004) found numerous examples of verbs used as nouns, nouns used as adjectives, and adjectives used as nouns in a written corpus of L2 Spanish. He points out that ‘one of the main problems these advanced students have … is not the lack of a word for a desired meaning, but uncertainty about how to adapt a word they do know so as to derive the corresponding adverb Jeff Carter Canada Jersey , noun, adjective, etc.’ (Whitley, 2004, p. 169 Jean Beliveau Canada Jersey , emphasis original). For Whitley, advanced learners’ lack of control over derivational morphology is one of the main sources of lexical errors. Interestingly, nearly half (44.5%) of the errors documented by Whitley could not be attributed to transfer from the LI.
With years of experience in making delicate Cheap Louis Vuitton Handbags, we are waiting to provide the crowning touch to your style. Just feel free to shop Louis Vuitton bags M23350 satellite 70 handbag shoulderbag here.

>How to Choose Best Electric Winch for Your Business

Posted by garrethenry on May 17th, 2017


An electric winch makes the lifting tasks easier by horizontally pulling a heavy load over a slightly inclined surface. A simple winch Jay Bouwmeester Canada Jersey , like for say a manual one, composed of a rope or cable wrapped around a drum and barrel. The industrial winches, like electric winches, are used to pull devices like automobiles, boats or to help move pieces of heavy equipment.

Winches are basically used to wind a cable or rope

Is Your Electric Winch Correct?

The electric winches are rated by the maximum load quantity they can pull Jamie Benn Canada Jersey , where bottom layer of rope is on the drum.The winch size needed for a particular task depends on several factors like mobility, surface level and weight.The minimum size of a winch can be calculated by targeting the gross weight of the heaviest object and multiply it by 1.5.



How to Maintain an Electric Winch



Winches must be properly maintained if you want safe results at your workplace. Managing general guidelines and maintenance instructions are important for the safe operation.


An electric winch must be inspected before and after each use.If the wire rope seems damaged or kinked, it’s advised to replace it right away.It is a good habit to keep the winch, remote control and wire rope clean. If required, winch should be unwound completely.A clean rag can be used to remove any dirt or debris.When you are using a vehicle-mounted winch Jake Muzzin Canada Jersey , ensure to check and maintain your vehicle battery and its cables. Winch operation for long periods of time puts extra strain on the battery.Ensure through regular maintenance that your device is in proper working condition.Routine load testing is a good practice to check how much weight a lifting device can handle.

Types of Gear



There are 3 basic types of gear drivetrain that are found most often in el. Cheap Authentic Jerseys Cheap Retro Jerseys Cheap NBA Jerseys Cheap NFL Jerseys Cheap Jerseys China Free Shipping Cheap College Jerseys Wholesale Jerseys China Wholesale Jerseys Online Wholesale Football Jerseys Wholesale Replica Soccer Jerseys