Ultrasonic cleaners provide excellent cleaning of a wide variety of parts and objects. However Cheap Jerseys From China , there are certain conditions that can lead to erosive damage of these parts. Besides this, ultrasonic cleaning tends to cause erosion damage to the cleaner tank in the long term. Knowledge of these various conditions allows the modification of treatment methods to minimize such damage. This helps in better, safer cleaning of susceptible parts and longer tank life.

The core cleaning action of ultrasonic cleaners is the generation and rapid implosion of microbubbles at the interface between the solvent liquid and solid parts. This process, or cavitation, is the driving force for the cleaning action. Lower operating frequencies generate larger bubbles that produce a more vigorous cleaning action. Higher frequencies generate smaller microbubbles with a gentler cleaning action.

Each frequency creates a particular sonic power distribution with evenly spaced energy-level bands across the tank - a standing wave formation. The parts to clean Cheap Jerseys , and portions of the tank or transducer joints, will be exposed to higher energies if they fall in a higher energy band of this standing wave, or sonic resonance. This can cause highly undesirable erosion of these parts or objects. One of the ways to reduce this effect is to use sweep frequencies. The sweep frequency function continuously varies the frequency by a certain amount above and below a base value, shifting the sonic energy bands back and forth.

All transducers have a fixed natural frequency that will tend to resonate inside the tank volume - this has a tendency to cause resonance damage. Delicate objects such as glass, plastics Wholesale Football Jerseys , aluminum parts, silicon or quartz, and the area where the transducer is attached to the tank, are susceptible to erosion. Even with the usage of sweep frequencies, this erosion is likely to occur. One solution to this problem is to select a transducer with sufficiently high frequencies for cleaning. For sensitive materials Wholesale Nike NFL Jerseys , oscillate the parts to reduce the time spent in overlap with these resonance bands.

Given the option, choose a cleaner that switches between two frequencies. This keeps the high-energy bands shifting around, reducing the erosion effect. Otherwise, choose a cleaner that uses as high a frequency as is practical - too high a frequency is gentler, but has a longer cleaning time.

Erosion will inevitably eventually damage the area where the transducer bonding or brazing lies. To extend the usable life of the cleaner Wholesale NFL Jerseys , take several precautions. Clean and dry the unit after each run. This will remove particles energized by the ultrasonic waves, and cause erosion. Low pH acids with chloride ions may cause considerable damage on the stainless steel tank wall, as will strong alkali solutions of potassium or sodium hydroxide. Determine alternative liquids where feasible and use them. Ensure that objects do not physically touch the tank floor - always use a stainless steel immersion basket. See that the liquid level never drops past a lower limit.

Following these suggestions and prior preparations will ensure a long operating life for the ultrasonic cleaner, as well as good, high-quality Wholesale Jerseys Free Shipping , fast and efficient cleaning of a set of delicate objects.Critical Business Procedure - Keep All Email Communications
Posted by nick_niesen on October 27th, 2010


Businesses routinely maintain copies of correspondence and memos. Far to often, however, they do not extend this practice to email correspondence. Email correspondence is no different then your normal paperwork. You must keep copies of all of it to protect your business in any litigation.


Currently, only banks and broker-dealers are obliged to retain e-mail and instant messaging documents for three years under U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rules. Beginning July 2006 Wholesale Jerseys China , all public companies will also be required to do so under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.


Notwithstanding these laws, your custom and practice should be to maintain copies of all email correspondence. Email is considered evidence and courts are hammering businesses that do not maintain email records. Judges are often ruling that the failure to maintain and produce email records means the business in question is hiding key evidence.


In the recent Perelman v. Morgan Stanley litigation, a judge聮s ruling on the failure of Morgan Stanley to produce email was key factor in the issuance of a $1.45 billion verdict. Based on the failure to produce email records, Judge Elizabeth Maass issued a pretrial ruling that effectively found Morgan Stanley conspired to defraud Perelman in a 1998 deal. Morgan Stanley is not the only business defendant to have this problem.


In the summer of 2004, UBS bank was found by a judge to have 聯willfully destroyed聰 email evidence in a discrimination case. UBS was ordered to pay costs and a jury returned a $29 million verdict.


Email Policy


To protect your business Wholesale Jerseys , you must have a procedure in place to maintain email communications generated through the business. Failure to keep these records can lead to rulings in litigation that your business willfully destroyed evidence. If this occurs, the judge may issue significant monetary sanctions, automatically find you liable or take other harsh steps that assure a victory for the Plaintiff. As if such developments are not bad enough, there exists a second risk associated with email communications.


Maintaining email communications, however Cheap NFL Football Jerseys , can have a downside. The problem arises, of course, when a communication contains statements that are damaging to your business. Yes, the proverbial catch-22 situation.


To avoid such disasters, your business must develop a clear policy on email communications and train all employees to comply with that policy. Employees must understand the business environment is not one in which jokes Cheap Football Jerseys , flippant remarks and so on should be . Cheap Authentic Jerseys Cheap Jerseys From China Cheap College Jerseys Cheap MLB Jerseys Online Cheap NHL Jerseys Free Shipping Cheap NFL Jerseys Free Shipping Cheap NBA Basketball Jerseys Cheap NFL Football Jerseys Wholesale Jerseys Wholesale NFL Jerseys China